DIRECTIONS: During this unit, we will discuss basic concepts surrounding “Colonial America”. Complete the essential questions for each topic using classroom discussions, class notes, your text book, and www.mrgigliotti.com. This guide through the material can be used to help you compose your History Journal short essay questions, study for tests and quizzes and answer questions during classroom review sessions.

Colonial Timeline -1607 Jamestown is Founded -1620 Pilgrims Land in Plymouth -1639-1640 The Great Migration -1634 Lord Baltimore Founds Maryland -1636 Thomas Hooker Founds Connecticut Puritans Found Harvard University -1639 Fundamental Orders Written in Connecticut -1644 Roger Williams Established Rhode Island -1663 The Carolinas are Founded -1664 The English Take New York From the Dutch -1675 King Phillip’s War -1676 Bacon’s Rebellion -1679 New Hampshire is Established -1682 William Penn Founds Pennsylvania -1702 New Jersey Units Under a Royal Charter -1712 The Carolinas are Divided Into North and South -1732 Oglethorpe Founds Georgia for Debtors

English Colonization

A. Review of Early English Colonies:

1. England’s first attempt at a colony in the New World was called _______________?

2. England’s first successful attempt at a colony in the New World was called ______________?

3. The “Pilgrims” established a colony known as _______________?

B. Reasons for English Colonization:

1. List and describe FIVE reasons the English began to colonize the New World below:

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

C. The New England Colonies:

1. List the FOUR New England colonies below:

a. b. c. d.

D. The Massachusetts Bay Colony:

1. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by a group of people known as

the _______________?

2. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was located in the modern day State of _______________

next to where the “Pilgrims” settled at _______________?

3. The “Puritans” where _______________ in England because they wanted to

_______________ the “Church of _______________”?

4. Between 1639 and 1640, over 20,000 “Puritans” moved from England to the Massachusetts

Bay Colony during what is known as the _______________?

E. Life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony:

1. Everything in “Puritan” society revolved around the _______________?

2. The Puritans wanted to build a perfect society based on the laws of God; they wanted to build

what they called a “City on a _______________”?

3. The Governor of Massachusetts Bay was named _______________?

4. Laws were made in the Massachusetts Bay Colony by a group of men or an “assembly”

known as the _______________? All of the laws were based on _______________?

5. Education was very important to the ”Puritans” because people had to know how to read

the _______________?

6. Puritans led a very simple life and believed that they must _______________ in order to be

rewarded in the afterlife. This idea of hard work equaling rewards is know as the

“Puritan _______________?

F. Trouble in the Bay:

1. Many people _______________ with the “Puritan” life style and strict laws and were

_______________ from the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

G. Connecticut:

1. Thomas _______________ wanted to limit the powers of the governor in Massachusetts Bay

because he felt that Governor Winthrop was abusing his powers?

2. _______________ and over 100 of his followers decided to leave the Massachusetts Bay

Colony in 1636 and found their own colony called ______________ along the banks of the

Connecticut River where they established the town of Hartford?

3. Laws for the Colony of Connecticut were established in a document known as the

_______________ in 1639 that gave the people a substantial say in the affairs of the colony?

4. In 1662, Connecticut received a “charter” from the king or a ______________ charter”?

H. Rhode Island:

1. Roger Williams disagreed with “Puritan” thinking and believed that _______________ and

_______________ should be separate?

2. Roger Williams also felt that the Native Americans should be paid for their _______________?

3. Williams also believed in religious _______________ and felt that all religions should be

respected and allowed to be practiced?

4. Due to his disagreements with “Puritan” thinking, Williams was supposed to be banished to

England, but instead _______________ and founded another colony

named ______________?

5. Rhode Island received a charter from the king on 1644 and allowed complete

_______________ freedom for its citizens?

6. Ann _______________ also disagreed with “Puritan” beliefs and was eventually tired,

convicted, and banished to Rhode Island?

7. Ann _______________ believed that God _______________ to her directly and that “Puritan”

ministers were _______________ incorrect doctrine?

8. Hutchinson also believed that God’s __________________ would save you in the after life

and that one did not need to work vigorously in order to be saved.

I. Massachusetts and New Hampshire:

1. New Hampshire was once part of the Colony of ________________, but asked the king for a

royal charter in 1641?

2. In 1691, the colonies of _______________ and _______________ united to become one

colony named _______________?

J. Growing Colonies and Indian Wars:

1. As the New England colonies grew larger, settlers continued to move _______________ and

occupied the land originally belonging to the _______________?

2. English settlers fought several wars with the _______________ such as the Peqout War and

King Phillip’s War in which the Native Americans were driven from their lands?

L. The Salem Witch Trials:

1. In 1692, several young girls accused others of _______________ in the small town of

_______________ Massachusetts?

2. In all, over 200 women were accused of witchcraft and put on _______________?

3. If the accused _______________ to practicing ______________ and implicated others as

being witches, their lives were spared; however if the accused claimed to be innocent they

were _______________?

4. Soon _______________ spread throughout the colony as people believed that witches were

all around them?

5. Eventually, even the wife of the ________________ was accused of being a witch and the

governor ordered a halt to the trials?

6. Why do you think the girls would the girls continue to accuse others of witchcraft even though

trails and executions were taking place?

7. Could hysteria similar type of that swept over Salem during the

witch trials occur again today? Are there any other historical

examples of such a situation?

M. The Middle Colonies:

1. List the FOUR Middle Colonies below:

a. b. c. d.

K. New York:

1. New York was once controlled by the _______________ and known as ______________?

2. “Patroons” were ___________________________________________________________?

3. The ________________ leader of _______________ was named Peter _______________?

4. The English wanted to _______________ their New England colonies with Virginia?

5. In 1664, the English and the Dutch went to war. The English sent a fleet of _______________

and _______________ the colony without a fight?

6. The colony was later renamed in honor of the King Charles’ brother the

“Duke of _______________”?

L. New Jersey:

1. New Jersey was originally part of _______________, until the “Duke of York” gave part of his

land to two of his friends named _______________ and _______________?

2. East and West New Jersey were examples of _______________ colonies in which the king

gives land to one or more people and takes a percentage of their profits?

3. New Jersey was settled by many different types of _______________ and allowed many

_______________ freedoms?

4. In 1702, New Jersey was united into a _______________ colony under the direct control of

the king, but was still allowed some _______________ rule?

M. Pennsylvania:

1. Pennsylvania was founded by _________________ and was known as his

“Holy _______________”?

2. The colony was founded for a persecuted religious group known as the _______________?

3. List TWO things that the “Quakers” believed in below:

a. b.

4. Penn felt that the Native Americans should be ________________ for their land?

5. Pennsylvania was _______________ in England and _______________ in Europe before any

settlement took place?

6. Pennsylvania’s “Frame of ____________” set fourth how the colony would be governed with a

governor and a representative assembly?

7. Pennsylvania had many settlers from _______________ and allowed

religious _______________?

8. Pennsylvania was the largest colony and also featured the largest city in the colonies

_______________ also know as the “City of _______________”?

N. Delaware:

1. Delaware was given to the colony of _______________ by New York so that they would have

access to the Atlantic Ocean?

2. Residents of Delaware did not like being part of _______________ and in

1701 became their own colony?

O. The Southern Colonies:

1. List the FIVE Southern Colonies below:

a. b. c. d. e.

P. Virginia:

1. In 1607, England established their first successful colony of _______________ that later grew

and expanded into the colony of Virginia as more settlers arrived from England?

2. The first twenty years of settlements in Virginia experienced many _______________?

3. Even though they found no gold, colonists in Virginia began to make money

growing _______________?

4. “Indentured servants” were people who __________________________________________?

5. The first _______________ from _______________ arrived in Jamestown Virginia in the year

1619?

6. The growing of tobacco become so profitable that the king took control of Virginia from the

“Virginia Land Company” in 1624 and Virginia became a “_______________ colony”?

7. The colony of Virginia had a ______________ government with a _______________, or a

group of people who make laws known as the ______________”?

Q. Maryland:

1. Maryland was founded by Lord _______________ as a _______________ colony?

2. Maryland was intended to be a colony for _______________ although many different types of

people moved to the colony?

3. People in Maryland grew _______________ on plantations as the main part of their economy?

4. In 1649, the colony of Maryland issued the “Act of _______________” permitting freedom of

for all Christian religions?

R. English Civil War and Rebellion:

1. Colonization was largely interrupted between (1629-1660) because of a _______________ in

England?

2. In 1676, poor western Virginian farmers led by _______________ rebelled against the

government of Virginia after the governor refused to help protect them from Native American

attacks?

T. South Carolina:

1. North and South Carolina were once one colony known simply as _________________?

2. The economy in South Carolina revolved around plantations which grew ______________

and _______________?

3. By 1710, more than one half of the population of South Carolina were ______________?

4. _______________ was the largest city and port in the southern colonies?

5. The people in South Carolina often lived more like the people in _______________ with

various luxuries?

6. _______________ often attacked people in South Carolina from Spanish ______________?

U. North Carolina:

1. Rich settlers in South Carolina petitioned the king in 1712 to separate them from the

_______________ settlers in the northern part of the colony of Carolina?

2. The people in North Carolina were usually ________________________________________?

V. Georgia:

1. Georgia, the “last colony”, was established in 1733 by James _______________?

2. Georgia was settled by _______________ and was intended to be a

________________between South Carolina and Spanish Florida?

3. Georgia permitted religious freedoms except for _______________?

Life in the Colonies

W. Mercantilism:

1. “Mercantilism” is an _______________ theory which states that colonies exist only to benefit

the _______________ country?

2. The “Navigation Acts” stated that all goods shipped from the _______________ to Europe

must go through _______________?

3. “Enumerated Articles” were items that could only be sold to _______________?

4. Draw and example of how “mercantilism” works using the map below:

X. Life in the New England Colonies:

1. The New England colonies had _______________ soil and a harsh ________________?

2. The New England colonies were also geographically _______________ and only allowed for

_______________ farming”?

2. “Substance farming” is: ___________________________________________________?

3. List at least THREE ways people in the New England colonies survived economy below:

a. b. c.

4. Life in the New England Colonies centered around the ________________ which usually had

a _______________ at its center?

5. Government in New England towns usually involved “town _______________” and criminals

were often punished by being placed in the “public _______________”?

Y. Life in the Middle Colonies:

1. The Middle Colonies were often referred to as the _______________ colonies because of the

vast amounts of wheat produced within them?

2. The land and climate in the Middle Colonies was much _______________ than in New

England?

3. Geographically, the Middle Colonies, were for the most part much ________________ than

the New England colonies?

4. The Middle Colonies were made up of many _______________ farms that grew

“________________ corps” which are ________________________________________?

5. Many of these farmers were known as “_______________ farmers” because they paid rent for

the land?

6. Some in the Middle Colonies also _______________ or built items?

7. Many _______________ and _______________ settled in the Middle Colonies?

Z. Life in the Southern Colonies:

1. Southern Colonies had a _______________ climate good for growing _______________,

_______________, and _______________?

2. The Southern Colonies were characterized by large farms or _______________ which utilized

________________ labor?

3. “Plantations” were _______________ farms similar to a small town which grew they own food,

manufactured their own goods, and usually had their own port facility?

4. While Southern plantation owners became very _______________ and lived more like the

people in _______________, not all people in the Southern Colonies owned _____________?

AA. The Middle Passage:

1. In order to function, “plantations” relied on _______________ from _______________ to work

on the “plantation”?

2. Slaves were packed onto “_______________ ships” for a long horrible trip to the New World

during which many Africans ______________?

3. This long horrible trip African slaves were forced to make to the New World was known as

the ______________?

AB. Education in the Colonies:

1. The first public schools in America were established in _______________ so that people

would know how to read the _______________?

2. The first university in America was ______________, located near Boston?

3. In the Middle Colonies rich children were often educated in schools set by the rich and

local _______________?

4. Rich southern children were often _______________ on their “plantations”?

AC. Social Structure in the Colonial America:

1. Wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, lawyers and others at the top of colonial society were

known as the _______________?

2. Over 90% of all people in the colonies live on small _______________ or in

small _______________?

3. Most people were not ______________ in the colonies, however many become

______________ or worked with a master tradesmen in order to learn a trade?

AD. Benjamin Franklin:

1. Benjamin Franklin lived in the city of _______________?

2. Franklin was a successful _______________ and ______________?

3. List at least TWO accomplishments of Benjamin Franklin below:

a. b.

4. Franklin’s face can be seen on the $_______________ bill today?

AE. The Great Awakening:

1. The “Great Awakening” was a _______________ movement swept through the colonies

1730’s-1740’s?

2. Subsequent generations of “Puritans” were not as focused on the _______________?

3. Jonathan _______________ and George Whiteford traveled around the colonies preaching to

people to “give up their sinful ways” and return to a more “Puritan” lifestyle?

4. While the religious movement was largely unsuccessful, for the first time people in each of the

thirteen colonies heard the same _______________?

AD. The Triangular Trade Route:

1. The English did not always enforce the “_______________ Acts”?

2. When they did, colonists devised a way to get around the “_______________ Acts” known as

the _______________?

3. _______________ was sent from New England to _______________ in exchange for

_______________, that were sent to the _______________ in return for _______________

which was sent to New England to produce more _______________?

4. Draw an example of the “Triangular Trade Route” on the map: