Settling the New World Guided Notes (Text Only)

DIRECTIONS: During this unit, we will discuss basic concepts surrounding the “Settling of the New World”.  Complete the essential questions for each topic using classroom discussions, class notes, your text book, and www.mrgigliotti.com.  This guide through the material can be used to help you compose your History Journal short essay questions, study for tests and quizzes and answer questions during classroom review sessions.

 

The Spanish Empire

 

A.  Introduction and Review:

 

1.  During the “Age of Exploration”, Spanish _______________ conquered vast lands in North

     America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

 

2.  The Spanish will begin to settle the conquered land by establishing “colonies”.  A

 

     “colony” is: ______________________________________________________________?

 

3.  The purpose of a “colony” is to make _______________ for the mother country? 

 

B.  The Spanish Empire:

 

1.  The Spanish Empire extended from northern _______________ through

 

     _______________ all the way to the southern tip of South America

 

     called ____________?

 

2.  What parts of what is now the United States, were once part of the Spanish

     Empire?

 

 

3.  _______________ is the oldest city in what is now the United States and was established by

     the Spanish in 1513?

 

4.  As a result of finding vast amounts of _______________ and _______________ in their

 

     empire; Spain became _______________ and the most _______________ nation on Earth?

 

C.  Governing the Spanish Empire:

 

1.  Spain divided their empire into two “colonies” known as _______________

 

     and _______________?

 

2.  The King of Spain, appointed a _______________ or governor to rule over each “colony”?

 

3.  Within the Spanish Empire, settlers had no say in the “colony’s” _______________?

 

4.  The “Laws of the _______________” gave Spain strict control of their colonies and dictated

     how the “colony” show be run, what type of crops would be planted, and where towns should

     be built?

 

5.  With little if any rights for citizens, why would Spanish settlers want to move to the New

     World?

 

D.  Spanish Settlements:

 

1.  The Spanish established _______________ types of settlements in the

     New World?

 

2.  _______________ were small towns or cities were Spanish settlers lived?

 

3.  “Presidios” were Spanish _______________ built to house soldiers?

 

4.  _______________ were religious settlements established to convert the

    Native Americans to Christianity?

 

5.  Most Native Americans were _______________ to convert to Christianity?

 

E.  Spanish Social Classes:

 

1.  A “social class” or “social status” is: _____________________________________________?

 

2.  Within the Spanish Empire, _______________ “social classes” existed?

 

3.  “Peninsulares” were people who were born in _______________.  “Peninsulares” represented

 

     the _______________ social class and were usually government _______________?

 

4.  _______________ were people of Spanish blood who were born in the _______________? 

 

     _______________ typically owned large _______________ and businesses?

 

5.  “Mestizos”, were people of _______________ blood?  “Mestizos” represented the

 

     _______________ class within the empire?

 

6.  The bottom of the Spanish social structure consisted of _______________

 

     and _______________?

 

7.  Would it be possible for an individual within the Spanish Empire to change their social status? 

     Why or Why not?  Is it possible for people within the modern United States to change their

     social class? 

 

 

 

F.  The Spanish and the Native Americans:

 

1.  The Spanish had the right to demand taxes & labor from the Native Americans because of

 

     laws known as _______________?

 

2.  _______________ were large estates farmed by many

 

    workers who were usually _______________?

 

 

 

 

 

3.  Originally, the Spanish used _______________ as slaves on their sugar cane plantations;

 

     however _______________ did not make good slaves because _______________?

 

4.  A Spanish priest named _______________ felt sorry for the Native Americans for many

 

     reasons, and suggested to the Spanish King that _______________ would make better

     slaves? 

 

5.  Soon, thousands of slaves from _______________ would be brought to the New World?

 

G.  Spanish Culture:

 

1.  The Spanish brought _______________, ______________, _______________, and

 

     _______________ to the New World.

 

2.  Spanish culture often merged with _______________ cultures?

 

3.  Spanish influences can still be seen in several ways today in the United States.  List at least

     TWO ways below:

 

     a.

 

     b. 

 

French and Dutch Colonies

 

H.  Other Nations Establish Colonies:

 

1.  Based on what you know about the Spanish Empire, why would other nations such as France,

     the Netherlands, and England want to establish their own colonies in the New World?

 

 

I.  New France:

 

1.  The French established an empire in the North

     America known as ______________?

 

2.  What parts of what is now the United States were

     once part of “New France”?

 

3.  _______________ brought settlers from France to

     the New World and established French colonies in

 

     Nova Scotia and _______________ along the St. Lawrence River in 1608?

 

4.  Most French settlers in the New World were interested in _______________?

 

5.  French fur traders were known as _______________?

 

6.  The French settlers usually got along very well with the _______________ and often traded

     with them?

 

7.  The French explored large parts of _______________ and established ______________

     across “New France”?

 

8.  _______________ and _______________ were French Explorers who explored the

 

     ______________ River believing it was the _______________?

 

9.  ______________ was a French explorer who explored the _______________ River and who

 

     claimed the land around it for France by dropping metal _______________ into the River?

 

10.  Although the French government tried to encourage the settlement of “New France”, very

 

     _______________ Frenchmen actually moved to the New World because only

 

     _______________ could own _______________?

 

 

J. New Netherlands:

 

1.  People who live in the Netherlands are referred to as the _______________ even though

 

     people in England and the United States often refer to their country as _______________?

 

2.  Henry _______________ explored the _______________ River in what is now the State of

 

      _______________  and claimed the area for the Dutch in the early 1600’s?

 

3.  In 1626, Peter Minuit lead Dutch settlers to New World and bought the island of

 

     _______________ from the Native Americans for a few of dollars worth

 

     of _______________? 

 

4.  Minuit named his Dutch settlement New _______________ after the capital of the

     Netherlands?

 

5.  Eventually, the Dutch would construct a ________________ to protect the settlement from the

     Native Americans?

 

6.  Later the Dutch would take over _______________ settlements near the Delaware River and

     add to New Netherlands?

 

7.  List TWO cultural items that were introduced to the New World by the Dutch below?

     a.     b.

 

Early English Colonies

 

K.  England Begins to colonize the New World:

 

1.  With the defeat of the _______________, England began to explore and colonize the New

     World?

 

L.  Roanoke “The Lost Colony”:

 

1.  England’s first attempt at a colony in the New World was called _______________?

 

2.  Roanoke was established off the coast of what is now North ______________?

3.  When supplies ran low, John ______________ returned to England for help?

 

4.  When _______________ returned to Roanoke all of the 177 settlers were _______________

 

     and the word _______________ was carved into a tree?

 

5.  What do you think happened to the colony of Roanoke?

 

 

M.  Jamestown:

 

1.  England’s first successful attempt at a colony in the New World

 

     was called ______________?

 

2.  Jamestown was established along the James River in what

 

     is now _______________?

 

 

3.  A “joint stock company” called the _______________ received a _______________ from the

     King of England to establish a colony in 1607?

 

4.  What is a “joint stock company”: ________________________________________________?

 

5.  What is a “charter”: __________________________________________________________?

 

6.  The first settlers arrived in Jamestown in the year _______________ on three ships known as

     the Susan Constant, the Discovery, and the Godspeed?

 

7.  The settlers named the colony and the nearby river after _______________ of England?

 

8.  The colony of Jamestown and Virginia experienced many problems during the first twenty

 

     years of the settlement and over _______________% of the settlers _______________?

 

9.  After completing the “Jamestown Mystery” activity, why was Jamestown in such trouble during

     its first twenty years of existence.  Be sure to list all of the reasons discussed in class below?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N.  The Pilgrims:

 

1.  The Pilgrims were known as the ______________ in England because they wanted to

    

     separate from the “Church of _______________”?

 

2.  The “Separatists” were _______________ or treated poorly in England because of their

     religious beliefs? 

 

3.  The “Separatists” searched for a place to practice their religion freely and in the early 1600’s

 

     left England to settle in the _______________, were they were allowed to freely practice their

     religion.

 

4.  After some years in the ______________, the “Separatists” wanted to leave because their

 

     _______________ were becoming more ______________ than English?

 

5.  The “Separatists” returned to England and received a _______________ from the king to

 

     cross the Atlantic and settle in _______________?

 

6.  The “Separatists”, now called _______________ were joined by others and crossed the

 

     Atlantic in a boat called the _______________?

 

7.  Due to powerful storms the _______________ was blown off course and instead of arriving in

 

     Jamestown, the “Pilgrims” landed in what is now _______________?

 

8.  The “Pilgrims” established a colony known as _______________ named after the city in

    

     England from which they departed in the year _______________?

 

9.  “_______________ Rock” is said to be the spot in Massachusetts were the Pilgrims first

     stepped of the “Mayflower”?

 

10.  Before leaving the “Mayflower”, the men on board established a government for the colony in

 

       a document called the _______________?

 

11.  The Governor of Plymouth was a man named _______________?

 

12.  The Pilgrims built sod houses and had to endure a harsh _______________ with little

      

       _______________ because they had arrived late in the year?

 

13.  Over one half of the settlers _______________ died during the first winter at Plymouth?

 

14.  The next year a Native American named _______________ helped the Pilgrims

 

       plant _______________?

 

15.  In the fall, the Pilgrims gave thanks to God for a good harvest by

 

       holding a feast with the Native Americans that we still celebrate

 

       today called _______________?